Two distinguished guests, Madame Wakako Hironaka, the Former Minister of Environment and Member of the House of Councilors, Japanese Diet, and Dr. Walid Mahmoud Abdelnasser, the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Arab Republic of Egypt came and spoke at the international symposium on Global Governance on 30th June.

The opening remarks was made by Professor Atsushi Sugita, the Dean of the Faculty of Law, which was followed by lectures given by Madame Wakako Hironaka on “Why we need an Earth Charter now”, and by Dr. Walid Mahmoud Abdelnasser on the “Global Governance.”

The guest speakers discussed how to enhance global governance in order to promote the transition to a global society founded on a shared ethnical framework that includes respect and care for Earth’s life, economic justice, democracy, and the culture of peace.
The symposium came to a close with the closing remarks made by Mr. Kumiyoshi Hayashi, the Director of the International Center at Hosei University.

2010年6月30日に法政大学ボアソナードタワーにて“ International Symposium on Global Governance” を開催した。初めに法政大学法学部部長杉田敦教授が開会の辞を述べられた。次に、元環境庁長官でおられた広中和歌子参議院議員に「今、なぜ“地球憲章”なのか？－われわれ市民の意識改革と行動～」というテーマで御講演をいただいた。また、ワリード・マハムード・アブデルナーセルエジプト大使にもお越しいただき、「グローバル・ガバナンス」というテーマで御講演を頂いた。このシンポジウムでは、地球の生命に対しての尊厳と保護を促進するために、生物多様性と生態学的規範、普遍的な人間の権利、多様性に対する尊厳、経済正義、民主主義、そして平和の文化を育成していくために、グローバル・ガバナンスがどのようになされていくべきかを討論した。最後に、国際交流センター部長林公美様より閉会の辞を述べられた。（中本優太）

Ryosuke Ohyama
The approval rating for the Government and the Prime Minister of Japan seems very low as we can see the lack of interest and support toward political parties among the young generation. From the perspective of university students, do you assess what your government does in Timor-Leste?

Yuki Yamazaki
In Japan, the Emperor is the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people.
But, he doesn’t have any political power.
On the other hand, the President of Timor-Leste is also symbol of the state as written in the constitution, but he exercise much influence actively the State politics including the legislative, administrative and judicial matters.
My question is that how much influence does the President exert on the politics as a head of the State?

Yusuke Noda
I explained about the system of Japanese politics, especially parliamentary system of government, which consists of the cabinet system, the national Diet and the courts.
I answered the questions from Timor-Leste, which are about the national Diet’s role and the relations between the cabinet, the national diet and Judicial system.

Sune Jun Misu
“The problem that is coming up is the lack of unity among the ministers of the coalition government. Their opinions are not same. So it is not going well”

Aoi Yokoda
The big problem of Japanese government is that there are many different opinions among the parties of coalition government and also there is a lot of confusion which is creating a big problem like an example of Futenma issue.

Kotaro Takahashi
Thank you for your presentation.
I have two questions. First of all, from the point of occupation, do many people in Timor-Leste want to be members the National Parliament? I ask this question, because if so, I think that the politics in your country is working well enough. And my second question is about the civilian control which is one of the most important issues when you are forming politics. Does civilian control work well in Timor-Leste?

During the first session, Mr. Shigeki Takizaki, Director, National Security Policy Division and Director, International Peace Cooperation Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan made a comprehensive power point presentation providing a general overview of Japan`s peace initiatives. Professor Hideaki Shinoda of Hiroshima University acted as a moderator. During the second session, Director-General Toshihisa Takata, International Peace Cooperation Headquarters, Cabinet Office, explained clearly the legal framework guiding the Japan`s peace operations. Professor Akio Morita, Professor, Faculty of Law, Hosei University, was the moderator. In Session III, Director General Hideshi Tokuchi of the Ministry of Defense explained the role of Japan Self-Defense Forces, with particular reference to the humanitarian and reconstruction operations carried out in Haiti. H.E. Mr. Yukihisa Fujita, member of the House of Councilors of Japan then commented on the significance of Japan`s peace cooperation. After questions and answers, Professor Sukehiro Hasegawa of Hosei University made a summary presentation of key points made during the meeting.
The symposium was hosted by the UNU-Institute of Sustainability and Peace and opened by Mr. Vesselin Popovski. Ms Madoka Futamura and Nicholas Turner acted as masters of ceremony. The symposium was attened by about 75 participants including more than 30 diplomats from embassies and international organizations based in Tokyo. (Reporter: Aoi Yokoda)

この度、法政大学においてアフガニスタンにおける平和構築と民主的なガバナンスについてのシンポジウムを以下の要領で開催することとなりましたのでご案内いたします。ご参加を希望される方は、狩野（かのう）akarikanou@gmail.com まで、（1）氏名（2）所属機関（3）役職をご連絡下さいますようお願い申し上げます。皆様のご参加を心よりお待ちしております。

＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
テーマ：アフガニスタンにおける平和構築と民主的なガバナンス　（英題：Prospect for Peacebuilding and Democratic　Governance in Afghanistan）

概要：　アフガニスタンでの、より効果的な平和構築と民主的なガバナンスの推進につき、紛争の原因を解明し、国際治安支援部隊（ISAF）、UNAMAやアフガニスタンの政府・指導者の役割などを論議する。

日時：　　　　平成21年11月14日（土）　13:30-17:00
場所：　　　　法政大学　市ヶ谷キャンパス　スカイホール（BT26階）（http://www.hosei.ac.jp/hosei/campus/annai/ichigaya/access.html）
使用言語：　英語（通訳はありません）
参加費：　　　無料
主催：　　　　法政大学

プログラム（予定）：
13：30　開会の辞
13：40　＜基調講演＞H.E.Eklil A. Hakimi氏（駐日本アフガニスタン大使）
14：20　＜パネル・デスカッション＞
中川勉外務省中東第２課長
レイモンド・ホッツ（Raymond Hotz）駐日本アメリカ大使館一等書記官
川端清隆国連政治局安全保障理事会部担当官
15：00　休憩
15：15　＜ラウンドテーブル・デスカッション＞
Vesselin Popovski氏（国連大学国連大学サステイナビリティと平和研究所シニアアカデミックプログラムオフィサー）
鈴木佑司教授（法政大学国際政治学科）
森聡教授（法政大学国際政治学科）
水野孝昭氏（朝日新聞論説委員）
他　学識者、専門家
長谷川祐弘教授（法政大学国際政治学科）（モデレーター）
16：30　質疑応答
17：00　閉会　

以上

長谷川教授、カイロ平和維持訓練センターで指導講演

法政大学の長谷川祐弘教授は自衛隊の榊枝小平学校長とともに、アフリカ１２カ国から派遣された軍幹部や外交官などを対象とした訓練コースに５月２４日より２週間にわたりカイロ平和維持訓練センターで講師・指導教官としての任務を遂げた。
国連の平和維持活動局とアフリカ連合が企画運営したこの訓練コースで、長谷川教授は国連の平和活動においての統合がいかに進展してきているか、また「法による支配」を広めるために国連がどのような役割をはたして来ているか講義をなされた。

なお、この様子は日テレのホームページでもご覧になることができます。

Date: 27 March 09 (12:00-13:00)
Venue: UNU 5F, Meeting Room 1
Presenter: Mr. Ken INOUE, Director, Democratic Governance Support Unit, UNMIT
Note taker: Chika SUEFUJI, Hosei University

1. Difference between civil affairs and democratic governance
Although there is no clear distinction between civil affairs and democratic governance, we could say that civil affairs simply refer to non-military affairs, signifying broad area, while democratic governance focuses on management system of society based on values of democracy. UNMIT Democratic Governance Unit was established as the result of the 2006 crisis, which was caused, among others, by lack of democratic governance.

2. Difference between UNMIT Democratic Governance Unit (DGU) and UNDP DGU
Main activities of UNMIT-DGU are (i) Monitoring (ii) Research and analysis (iii) Policy advice to the SRSG, and (iv) Advocacy. In contrast, UNDP-DGU provides (i) Capacity building support and (ii) Technical advice to the Timor-Leste counterparts. Both UNMIT-DGS and UNDP-DGU are closely working together as an integrated mission or“One UN”.

3. Roles and functions of UNMIT
The Security Council extended the mandate of UNMIT for another year, until 26th February 2010. At the request of the Security Council, UNMIT has formulated the Medium-term (3-5years) strategic plan with benchmarks and milestone, which consists of 4 main priority parts. They are (i) ensuring security and stability, which includes security sector review and reform, and the resumption of the PNTL (National Police of Timor-Leste); (ii) rule of law, justice and human rights (An independent and comprehensive needs assessment ofthe justice sector is planned); (iii) culture of democratic governance and dialogue; and (iv) socio-economy development (which is supported by the UN Country Team and the bi-lateral donors).

4. UNMIT Democratic Governance Unit
Democratic governance could be defined as a management system of a society based on the values of democracy. Althoughdg the concept is very broad, UNMIT-DGU focuses on the following 6 core governance areas:
(1) Constitutionalism and separation of power
Exercise of power has to be separated based on the constitution and among the four organs of sovereignty in TL, i.e. President, National Parliament, Government, and Court. Previously, the UN put emphases mainly on strengthening the Government, which weakened the balance of power. Currently, UNMIT and UNDP are supporting all four organs so as to balance the power among them.
(2) Decentralization and local governance
The Government of Timor-Leste is highly centralized although their overall capacity is weak. Although there are 65 Members of National Parliament, they were elected based on a single list of political party candidates. Therefore, there is no constituency at a district level for the MPs. This gives people an impression that the attention of the Government and the parliament are concentrated in the capital city rather than the people in districts. Decentralization is needed in Timor-Leste, and it is anticipated that each districts is converted to Municipality, and Mayor and Members of Municipal Assembly will be directly elected by people in a district.
(3) Elections
The Presidential Elections and the National Parliament Elections were held in 2007. Suco and Municipality Elections are expected to be held this year. UNMIT and UNDP are jointly supporting the electoral management bodies to ensure free and fair elections.
(4) Civil service reform
The government started establishing the Civil Service Commission with support of UNMIT and UNDP. The Ministry of Finance is handling the aid coordination to ensure effective and efficient developmental assistance to TL.
(5) Transparency, accountability and anti-corruption commission
The Government has proposed the establishment of Anti-Corruption Commission, which would be in charge of dealing with prevention and investigation of corruptions. Although Office of Provedor (Ombudsman) exists, human rights and anti-corruption issues should not be handled by the same organization, therefore, the UN is supporting the establishments of the new Anti-Corruption Commission.
Another institution is the High Administrative and Tax Auditing Court (HATAC), which has not been established yet.
(6) Civil society and media
In order to promote a culture of democratic governance, sound development of civil society organizations and media are essential. Therefore, UNMIT and UNDP are supporting them.

5. Culture of democratic governance
Democratic governance could be promoted through establishment of the legal framework of the country starting from the constitution, institution building in key governance areas, and capacity building of staff members in these institutions. The most fundamental base is, however, a culture of democratic governance, in other words, people’s belief in democracy. UNMIT and UNCT are, therefore, actively involved in advocacy and civic education to promote a culture of democracy.

Among the challenges facing Timor-Leste, PM Gusmão and Professor Hasegawa both agreed that improving living standard of people is the main challenge in the country, even though internal security and stability have been restored. They note that international norms and values (gender equality, rule-of-law etc) have been broadly familiarized in the society. In this context, Professor Hasegawa emphasized that Timor-Leste should receive technical assistance from EU and Japan in the supervision of infrastructure sector rehabilitation. PM Gusmão agreed to this observation , but also pointed out that the high unemployment rate has remained. . The Prime Minister explained the importance of the creation of life time employment, permanent job opportunity, and development of private sector. Professor Hasegawa pointed out the importance of eliminating corruption as it would become “a cancersor” for the society and cause the loss of people`s trust in government, resulting in instability of the country again.

They also talked about school feeding, governmental budget execution, the result of national survey, coming municipal elections and press freedom.

2009.3.10
Haruka Ikegawa and Kisho Tsuchiya contributed to this story.