{"id":3234,"date":"2010-04-14T23:49:51","date_gmt":"2010-04-14T14:49:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.shasegawa.com\/?p=3234"},"modified":"2011-07-05T00:48:55","modified_gmt":"2011-07-04T15:48:55","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%9b%bd%e9%9a%9b%e6%a9%9f%e6%a7%8b%e8%ab%96%e3%80%912010%e5%b9%b44%e6%9c%8813%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%88%e7%81%ab%ef%bc%89%e3%80%80%e9%95%b7%e8%b0%b7%e5%b7%9d%e7%a5%90%e5%bc%98%e6%b3%95%e6%94%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.shasegawa.com\/ja\/archives\/3234","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u8ad6\u30112010\u5e744\u670813\u65e5\uff08\u706b\uff09\u3000\u9577\u8c37\u5ddd\u7950\u5f18\u6cd5\u653f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.shasegawa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/41301.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[3234]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.shasegawa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/41301-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"41301\" title=\"41301\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-3255\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.shasegawa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/41301-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/www.shasegawa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/41301.jpg 390w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><br clear = \"all\">2010\u5e74\u5ea6\u6cd5\u653f\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u90e8<br \/>\n\u300c\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u8ad6\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u25a0\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u3000\uff1a\u3000\u300c\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u30fb\u5b58\u5728\u7406\u7531\u300d<br \/>\n\u25a0\u8b1b\u3000\u5e2b\u3000\uff1a\u3000\u9577\u8c37\u5ddd\u7950\u5f18\u6559\u6388<br \/>\n\u25a0\u65e5\u3000\u6642\u3000\uff1a\u30002010\u5e74\uff14\u670813\u65e5\uff08\u706b\uff09\u300013\uff1a30\uff5e15\uff1a00<br \/>\n\u25a0\u5834\u3000\u6240\u3000\uff1a\u3000\u6cd5\u653f\u5927\u5b66\u5e02\u30f6\u8c37\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30d1\u30b9\u3000\u5916\u6fe0\u6821\u820e\u3000407\u6559\u5ba4<br \/>\n\u25a0\u4f5c\u6210\u8005\u3000\uff1a\u3000\u4f0a\u85e4\u3000\u83dc\u3005\u7f8e\u3000\u6cd5\u653f\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u90e8\u56fd\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u79d1\uff12\u5e74<\/p>\n<p>\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a\uff0a<\/p>\n<p>\uff1c\u2160\uff0e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u6982\u8981\uff1e<\/p>\n<p>\u203b\u8b1b\u7fa9\u306b\u5165\u308b\u524d\u306b\u3001\u5e74\u9593\u306e\u6388\u696d\u8a08\u753b\u3001\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3001\u6210\u7e3e\u7b49\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u304a\u8a71\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff11\u3000\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9<br \/>\n\uff08\uff11\uff09\t\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5206\u3051\u3066\u3001\uff12\u7a2e\u985e\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff12\uff09\t\uff11\u3064\u76ee\u306f\u72ed\u7fa9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u793e\u4f1a\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u4e3b\u6a29\u56fd\u5bb6\u304c\u6761\u7d04\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3067\u8a2d\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u72ec\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u6a5f\u95a2\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u3053\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3001\u4e00\u756a\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u56fd\u969b\u9023\u5408\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff13\uff09\t\uff12\u3064\u76ee\u306f\u5e83\u7fa9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u304c\u6761\u7d04\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3067\u51fa\u6765\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u3001\u516c\u5171\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56e3\u4f53\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u8d64\u5341\u5b57\u793e\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff14\uff09\t\u3053\u306e\uff12\u3064\u306e\u3088\u308a\u3082\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u30a4\u30f3\u30d1\u30af\u30c8\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56e3\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u55b6\u5229\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u305f\u79c1\u4f01\u696d\u3001\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u4f01\u696d\u304c\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u5b97\u6559\u3068\u304b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u79c1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3067\u6d3b\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u591a\u56fd\u7c4d\u4f01\u696d\u3068\u304b\u79c1\u7684\u56e3\u4f53\u306f\u6271\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff12\u3000\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3000<br \/>\n\uff08\uff11\uff09\t\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u6709\u52b9\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8a18\u8ff0\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5316\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u306b\u5b66\u3076\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff12\uff09\t\u8a18\u8ff0(Describe)\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3001\u7269\u4e8b\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3001\u8a8d\u8b58\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3092\u63cf\u5199\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e8b\u5b9f\u3092\u305d\u306e\u307e\u307e\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a00\u3046\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3067\u7d42\u308f\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff13\uff09\t\u6b21\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u306e\u306f\u3001\u5206\u6790(Analyze)\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u610f\u5473\u3092\u8003\u3048\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u3092\u8a00\u3046\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff14\uff09\t\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u666e\u904d\u7684\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3092\u898b\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u3001\u6982\u5ff5(Conceptualize)\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff15\uff09\t\u307e\u305f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6d3b\u52d5\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u305f\u3066\u3089\u308c\u305f\u7a76\u6975\u7684\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u6226\u7565\u3092\u3001\u4eca\u305d\u306e\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u5143\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5206\u6790\u3092\u3059\u308b\u4e8b\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u3001\u653f\u7b56(Policy formulation)\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff16\uff09\t\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u3092\u57fa\u6e96\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3084\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u3001\u898f\u7bc4(Normative)\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff17\uff09\t\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3092\u982d\u306b\u3044\u308c\u3066\u3001\u500b\u3005\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u884c\u3046\u4e8b\u304c\u671b\u307e\u3057\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff13\u3000\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u8ad6\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5<br \/>\n\uff08\uff11\uff09\t\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3068\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306e\uff12\u7a2e\u985e\u304c\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff12\uff09\t\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u3068\u306f\u4f55\u304b\u3092\u6cd5\u7684\u306b\u8003\u3048\u308b\u4e8b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6cd5\u306e\u4e3b\u4f53\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u306e\u6a29\u9650\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u306b\u3042\u308b\u4fa1\u5024\u30fb\u7406\u5ff5\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f5c\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff13\uff09\t\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u306e\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u9023\u5408\u8aac\uff08\u56fd\u969b\u6761\u7d04\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4f5c\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u305f\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u30fb\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u7d71\u5408\u8aac\uff08\u73fe\u5b9f\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u767a\u8db3\u3057\u6d3b\u52d5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6a5f\u95a2\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u30fb\u6cd5\u4eba\u8aac\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u3092\u69cb\u6210\u3059\u308b\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u6cd5\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff14\uff09\t\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u306f\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u6cd5\u4eba\u306e\u30b9\u30c6\u30fc\u30bf\u30b9\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6cd5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u304c\u6c7a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6cd5\u3068\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u3001\u3069\u3061\u3089\u304c\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u554f\u984c\u3082\u8d77\u3053\u308b\u3002\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6cd5\u304c\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u3088\u308a\u3082\u4e0a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5834\u5408\u306f\u56fd\u5185\u6cd5\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\uff09<br \/>\n\uff08\uff15\uff09\t\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u69cb\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u904b\u55b6\u3055\u308c\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u884c\u304a\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4f55\u3092\u9054\u6210\u3057\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3046\u306e\u304b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3042\u305f\u3063\u3066\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u969c\u5bb3\u3068\u306f\u306a\u306b\u304b\u3092\u5b66\u3076\u3002\u56fd\u969b\u6a5f\u95a2\u304c\u30a2\u30af\u30bf\u30fc\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u8d77\u3053\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306e\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u30ca\u3001\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u307f\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\uff12\u3064\u304c\u3042\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff14\u3000\u6b74\u53f2\u7684\u80cc\u666f<br \/>\n\uff08\uff11\uff09\t\uff11\uff13\uff0d\uff11\uff17\u4e16\u7d00\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u90fd\u5e02\u9593\u3067\u306e\u901a\u5546\u6d3b\u52d5\uff1a\u30cf\u30f3\u30bb\u30a2\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u9023\u76df\u3000\u5317\u6b27\u306e\u90fd\u5e02\u306e\u5e84\u53f8\u4f1a\u793e\u9593\u306e\u8cbf\u6613\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u767a\u9054\u3002\u4e92\u3044\u306b\u4ea4\u308f\u3057\u305f\u6761\u7d04\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001\u5e73\u548c\u30fb\u8cbf\u6613\u30fb\u53cb\u597d\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u3066\u3044\u304f\u76ee\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\uff12\uff09\t\uff11\uff17\uff0d\uff11\uff18\u4e16\u7d00\u30fb\u30fb\u30fb\u4e3b\u6a29\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u8a95\u751f\uff1a\uff13\uff10\u5e74\u6226\u4e89(1618-1648)\u5f8c\u306e\u795e\u8056\u30ed\u30fc\u30de\u7687\u5e1d\u3068\u6226\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u56fd\u3005\u304c\u30a6\u30a8\u30b9\u30c8\u30d5\u30a1\u30ea\u30a2\u6761\u7d04(1648)\u3092\u7d50\u3093\u3060\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u30fb\u7d4c\u6e08\u30fb\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52d5\u304c\u56fd\u5bb6\u9593\u3078\u3068\u9032\u5c55\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3053\u306e\u6642\u4ee3\u306b\u3001\u690d\u6c11\u5730\u7372\u5f97\u6642\u4ee3\u304c\u5230\u6765\u3057\u305f\u3002<br 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